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These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. It stresses the phenomenological similarity of air-, sea-, car-, and space-sickness despite their different modes of provocation. The general term “motion sickness” was coined by Irwin (1881). The major symptom of nausea is derived from the Greek word “naus” for ship. The first known reports on seasickness originate from Hippocrates. Thus, motion sickness is not a superfluous epiphenomenon of vestibular stimulation but - in a teleological sense - it represents a meaningful warning signal to withdraw the body from unusual stimulus situations which cannot be integrated with adequate dynamic spatial orientation.
1982) and to motion sickness as a result of summation. This may give rise to unpleasant illusions of movement with consequences of posture and the control of vehicles (Dichgans and Brandt 1978 Leibowitz et al. 3), spatial orientation and perception of movement are disturbed by a conflict between stimuli when the multisensory motion signals do not correspond to the expected pattern of sensory signals established from earlier experience with active locomotion. According to the “ mismatch theory” ( see also p. Motion sickness is induced during passive locomotion in vehicles and is generated either by unfamihar bodily accelerations, to which the person has therefore not adapted, or by intersensory mismatch involving conflicting vestibular and visual stimuli (Dichgans and Brandt 1973, 1978 Benson 1977 Reason 1978 Brandt and Daroff 1980).
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